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	{{EW hero\|portal=ruta\|kicker=~~[[:Category:Hiking~~\|Hiking]]\|emoji={{EW teaser/data\|Loma Alta Ecological Reserve\|e}}\|title=Loma Alta Ecological Reserve\|hook={{EW teaser/data\|Loma Alta Ecological Reserve}}\|min=3}}		{{EW hero\|portal=ruta\|kicker={{EW cat\|Hiking}}\|emoji={{EW teaser/data\|Loma Alta Ecological Reserve\|e}}\|title=Loma Alta Ecological Reserve\|hook={{EW teaser/data\|Loma Alta Ecological Reserve}}\|min=3}}
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{{EW hero|portal=ruta|kicker=[[:Category:Hiking|Hiking]]|emoji={{EW teaser/data|Loma Alta Ecological Reserve|e}}|title=Loma Alta Ecological Reserve|hook={{EW teaser/data|Loma Alta Ecological Reserve}}|min=3}}
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{{Infobox
| title = 🌿 Loma Alta Ecological Reserve
| label1 = Type
| data1 = Community-managed ecological reserve
| label2 = Location
| data2 = Above Manglaralto, Santa Elena Province
| label3 = Ecosystem
| data3 = Coastal cloud forest (bosque nublado costanero)
| label4 = Access point
| data4 = Dos Mangas village, ~4 km inland from Manglaralto
| label5 = Managed by
| data5 = Comunidad Loma Alta
| label6 = Altitude range
| data6 = 300–800+ metres above sea level
}}

The '''Loma Alta Ecological Reserve''' is a community-managed coastal cloud forest reserve in the hills above Manglaralto, accessible from the village of [[Dos Mangas]]. It is one of the last significant patches of coastal cloud forest (''bosque nublado costanero'') in Ecuador — a rare and highly threatened ecosystem that once covered much of the coastal cordillera.

== Why It Matters ==

Coastal cloud forest occupies an ecological niche between the dry coastal scrub of the lower elevations and the Andean cloud forests further inland. At Loma Alta, the combination of altitude, coastal humidity, and the specific geography of the Santa Elena hills creates conditions for a forest of unusual biodiversity — including endemic species found nowhere else in the world.

The reserve was one of the first in Ecuador to be established and managed entirely by a local indigenous community (the Comunidad Loma Alta), rather than by the state or an NGO. This community-tenure model has been studied internationally as a model for conservation.

== Biodiversity ==

=== Birds ===
Loma Alta is considered one of the best birdwatching sites on the Ecuadorian coast. Notable species include:
* '''El Oro Parakeet''' (''Pyrrhura orcesi'') — critically endangered endemic
* '''Pacific Royal Flycatcher''' (''Onychorhynchus occidentalis'') — near-threatened endemic
* '''Grey-backed Hawk''' (''Pseudastur occidentalis'') — endangered endemic
* Numerous hummingbird species
* Over 200 bird species recorded in the reserve

=== Mammals ===
* Howler monkey (''Alouatta palliata'') — audible at dawn; occasionally visible
* Puma (''Puma concolor'') — present but rarely seen
* White-nosed coati
* Several bat species

=== Flora ===
Dense canopy forest with tree ferns, orchids, bromeliads, mosses, and endemic tree species. The forest floor in the higher elevations is carpeted in wet-season mosses.

== Visiting ==

=== Access ===
The reserve is accessed via '''Dos Mangas''' village, approximately 4 km inland from Manglaralto on the E-15. From La Libertad, take a bus north to Manglaralto and ask locally about the road to Dos Mangas, or take a taxi from Manglaralto (~$3–5).

=== Guided Treks Only ===
Entry without a local guide is not permitted. Guides are arranged in Dos Mangas village — ask at the community reception area or at the cantina at the entrance to the trail. Treks typically take 3–6 hours depending on the route chosen.

Guide fees: approximately $10–20 per person. This fee goes directly to the community.

=== What to Bring ===
* Sturdy shoes or hiking boots — trails are muddy and steep in places
* Rain jacket — even in dry season, the upper forest can be wet and misty
* Water and snacks
* Binoculars for birdwatching
* Insect repellent
* Start early — birdwatching is best in the first two hours after dawn, and afternoon mist can reduce visibility

=== Accommodation ===
Simple accommodation is available in Dos Mangas and in Manglaralto. There are no facilities inside the reserve itself.

{{EW dyk|emoji=🏺|…Valdivia pottery, made on this coast around 5,500 years ago, is among the oldest in the Americas?|page=Valdivia|cta=Visit Valdivia →}}

== Best Season ==

The reserve is accessible year-round but:
* '''Wet season (Jan–Apr):''' lush green, full waterfalls, more difficult trail conditions. More biodiversity visible.
* '''Dry season (Jun–Nov):''' easier trails, good birdwatching, cooler temperatures. The cloud forest is still green at higher elevations even in dry season due to orographic mist.

== Conservation Context ==

The dry forest and scrub surrounding the reserve faces ongoing pressure from agriculture, logging, and settlement. The reserve itself is in good condition, but the buffer zone and corridors connecting it to larger forest patches are fragmented. The community's stewardship over the past two decades has maintained the reserve's integrity when surrounding areas have degraded.

== Key facts ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Area
| 2,863 ha, within the comuna of Loma Alta (Colonche parish)
|-
! Protected since
| 5 June 1987 (Ministerial Agreement 202)
|-
! Part of
| The Bosque Protector Chongón–Colonche (declared 1995; 78,151 ha across Santa Elena, Guayas and Manabí)
|-
! Socio Bosque
| The comuna protects 3,218 ha under the national Socio Bosque programme (about 2,000 people, 500 families)
|-
! Wildlife
| About 300 bird species and 37 mammal species recorded (BirdLife)
|}
The comuna has protected the forest mainly to safeguard its water sources and its land.

''Source: PDOT cantón Santa Elena 2023–2027 (pp. 54–55).''

== See Also ==
* [[Dos Mangas]] — the access village
* [[Manglaralto]] — nearest town on the E-15
* [[Cloud Forest Trekking (Ruta del Spondylus)]]
* [[Birdwatching (Ruta del Spondylus)]]
* [[Wildlife Spotting (Ruta del Spondylus)]]

{{EW explore|Cloud Forest Trekking (Ruta del Spondylus)|Ayampe Cloud Forest|Birdwatching (Ruta del Spondylus)|Manglaralto|Ayampe|La Chocolatera}}
{{EW next|Dos Mangas}}

[[Category:Nature]]
[[Category:Ruta del Spondylus]]
[[Category:Hiking]]

Loma Alta Ecological Reserve/en - Revision history

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